Table of contents
Task D-10 Diagnoses axles and wheel end assemblies
Task Descriptor
Transport trailer technicians diagnose axles and wheel end assemblies when inspecting and performing preventative maintenance of the trailer.
D-10.01 Diagnoses fixed, self-steering and lift axles
D-10.01 Diagnoses fixed, self-steering and lift axles
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ND |
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.01.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-10.01.02P |
perform visual inspections on components |
visual inspections on components are performed to identify faults |
| D-10.01.03P |
inspect spindle |
spindle is inspected for excessive wear and cracks |
| D-10.01.04P |
interpret diagnostic results |
diagnostic results are interpreted to determine next steps |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, micrometers, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools
- components include: trailing arm, blocks, shock brackets, saddles, spiders, brake chamber supports, brake chambers, brake shoes, brake drums, cam, cam bushings, hubs, bearings, air springs, switches, valves, bushings, slack adjusters, frame brackets, hangers
- faults include: worn, damaged or defective components
- next steps include: repairs, component replacement or adjustment, further diagnosis
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of fixed, self-steering and lift axles, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types and models of fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| explain bearing and spindle wear tolerances |
| describe cup and cone bearings, and seals |
| explain bearing preload and end play |
| D-10.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to diagnose fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to diagnose fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to diagnose fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices while diagnosing fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components |
| identify inspections performed to diagnose fixed, self-steering and lift axles and their components |
| identify faults found while performing inspections on components |
Range of variables
- components include: trailing arm, blocks, shock brackets, saddles, spiders, brake chamber supports, brake chambers, brake shoes, brake drums, cam, cam bushings, hubs, bearings, air springs, switches, valves, bushings, slack adjusters, frame brackets, hangers
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, micrometers, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools
- hazards include: air spring rupture, frame shift, debris (rocks, mud, grass, chunks of rubber) projection relating to air loss, pinch points, sudden axle drop
- faults include: worn, damaged or defective components
D-10.02 Diagnoses hubs and bearings
D-10.02 Diagnoses hubs and bearings
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yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.02.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-10.02.02P |
measure bearing end play |
bearing end play is measured using dial indicator |
| D-10.02.03P |
perform visual inspections of cups and bearings |
visual inspections of cups and bearings are performed to identify faults |
| D-10.02.04P |
perform visual inspection of spindle thread condition |
visual inspection of spindle thread conditions are performed |
| D-10.02.05P |
identify hub problems |
hub problems are identified |
| D-10.02.06P |
interpret diagnostic results |
diagnostic results are interpreted to determine next steps |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, hand tools, hub sockets, torque wrenches, seal installers
- faults include: pitting, spalling, cracks, overheating, brinelling, arching
- spindle thread conditions include: wear, damage
- hub problems include: spinning race, failed wheel seal, cracked hubs, corrosion, damaged wheel studs, damaged tone ring, worn wheel pilot flange
- next steps include: repairs, component replacement, further diagnosis
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of hubs and bearings, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types of hubs and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| identify bearings and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| explain bearing and spindle wear tolerances |
| describe cup and cone bearings, and seals |
| explain bearing preload and end play |
| D-10.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to diagnose hubs and bearings, and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to diagnose hubs and bearings and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to diagnose hubs and bearings and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices while diagnosing hubs and bearings, and their components |
| identify inspections performed to diagnose hubs and bearings, and their components |
| identify faults and hub problems found while performing inspections on components |
Range of variables
- components include: hub caps, studs, nuts, seals, races, rollers, cages, wedges, hub oil, grease
- types of hubs include: spoke, stud-piloted, hub-piloted, pre-adjusted, unitized
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, hand tools, hub sockets, torque wrenches, seal installers
- hazards include: frame shift, pinch points, grease, oil, brake dust, metal filings, sharp edges
- faults include: pitting, spalling, cracks, overheating, brinelling, arching
- hub problems include: spinning race, failed wheel seal, cracked hubs, corrosion, damaged wheel studs, damaged tone ring, worn wheel pilot flange
D-10.03 Diagnoses tires and rims
D-10.03 Diagnoses tires and rims
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ON |
MB |
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| NV |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
NV |
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ND |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-10.03.02P |
perform visual inspections on tires and rims |
visual inspections are performed on tires and rims to identify faults |
| D-10.03.03P |
measure tread depth |
tread depth is measured using tread depth gauges |
| D-10.03.04P |
measure air pressure |
air pressure is measured using pressure gauges |
| D-10.03.05P |
identify rim irregularities |
rim irregularities are identified |
| D-10.03.06P |
inspect lock ring of multi-piece rims |
lock ring of multi-piece rims is inspected to identify irregularities |
| D-10.03.07P |
interpret diagnostic results |
diagnostic results are interpreted to determine next steps |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: tread gauges, pressure gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, hand tools, torque wrenches, tire bars, bead blaster, tire cage, air chuck, valve core tool, rubber mallet, bead axe
- faults include: worn and mismatched tires, damaged treads and side walls, separation, weather cracking, retreads
- rim irregularities include: dents, cracks, corrosion, wear
- next steps include: repairs, component replacement, further diagnosis
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of tires and rims, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types and sizes of tires and rims, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| D-10.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to diagnose tires and rims, and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to diagnose tires and rims, and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to diagnose tires and rims, and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices while diagnosing tires and rims, and their components |
| identify inspections performed to diagnose tires and rims, and their components |
| identify possible faults and rim irregularities found while performing inspections |
| describe tire wear limits and inflation pressures |
| describe normal and irregular tire wear |
| describe automatic inflation systems |
| describe tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) |
Range of variables
- components include: multi-piece rims, rims, valve stems, wheel nuts, wheel spacers, wedges, gaskets
- tools and equipment include: tread gauges, pressure gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, hand tools, torque wrenches, tire bars, bead blaster, tire cage, air chuck, valve core tool, rubber mallet, bead axe
- hazards include: sidewall blowouts, exposed belting, high pressure compressed air, valve core projectile
- faults include: worn and mismatched tires, damaged treads and side walls, separation, weather cracking, retreads
- rim irregularities include: dents, cracks, corrosion, wear
Task D-11 Services axles and wheel end assemblies
Task Descriptor
Transport trailer technicians maintain, repair and replace axles and wheel end assemblies to ensure proper and safe operation of trailers, in compliance with jurisdictional requirements.
D-11.01 Maintains axles and wheel end assemblies
D-11.01 Maintains axles and wheel end assemblies
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QC |
ON |
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| NV |
yes |
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NV |
NV |
yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
NV |
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ND |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.01.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.01.02P |
perform preventative maintenance checks |
preventative maintenance checks are performed according to manufacturers’ maintenance procedures and schedules |
| D-11.01.03P |
adjust inflation pressures |
inflation pressures are adjusted according to manufacturers’ specifications using pressure gauges |
| D-11.01.04P |
maintain lubricant levels |
lubricant levels are maintained according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.01.05P |
torque wheel nuts |
wheel nuts are torqued according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.01.06P |
adjust and measure end play |
end play is adjusted and measured according to manufacturers’ specifications |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, seal installers, bearing packer, bearing race installer, torque wrenches
- preventative maintenance checks include: checking fluid levels, inflation pressures and end play
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of axles and wheel end assemblies, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types of axles and wheel end assemblies, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| D-11.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to maintain axles and wheel end assemblies, and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to maintain axles and wheel end assemblies, and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to maintain axles and wheel end assemblies, and their components |
| describe inflation pressures and procedures |
| identify hazards and safe work practices while maintaining axles and wheel end assemblies, and their components |
| D-11.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of training and certification requirements to maintain tires and rims, and their components |
identify training and certification requirements to maintain tires and rims, and their components |
| D-11.01.04L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements to maintain tires and rims, and their components |
identify standards and regulations to maintain tires and rims, and their components |
Range of variables
- components include: trailing arm, blocks, shock brackets, saddles, spiders, brake chamber supports, brake chambers, brake shoes, brake drums, cam, cam bushings, hubs, bearings, air springs, switches, valves, bushings, slack adjusters, frame brackets, hangers
- tools and equipment include: dial indicators, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, seal installers, bearing packer, bearing race installer, torque wrenches
- hazards include: heating or welding wheel assemblies, lifting and handling of wheel assemblies, over-inflation of tires, under-inflation of tires, flat tires
D-11.02 Repairs fixed axles, hubs and bearings
D-11.02 Repairs fixed axles, hubs and bearings
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MB |
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| NV |
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yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.02.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.02.02P |
remove wheel end assembly to access axle |
wheel end assembly is removed according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures to access axle |
| D-11.02.03P |
inspect hubs, bearings and spindles |
hubs, bearings and spindles are inspected to identify damage and wear |
| D-11.02.04P |
replace cup and cone bearings or hub assembly |
cup and cone bearings or hub assembly are replaced using tools and equipment |
| D-11.02.05P |
remove debris |
debris is removed by cleaning hub and bearings |
| D-11.02.06P |
replace or reinstall axles, hubs and bearings |
axles, hubs and bearings are replaced or reinstalled according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.02.07P |
align axles to kingpin |
axles are aligned to kingpin according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.02.08P |
complete repair |
repair is completed by verifying operation of axles and hubs |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: punches, hammers, sockets, seal pullers, drivers, jacks, jack/support stands, hand tools, pneumatic tools, torque wrenches, dial indicators, bearing race installers, parts washer
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of hubs and fixed axles, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types of hubs and fixed axles, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| D-11.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to repair hubs and fixed axles, and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to repair hubs and fixed axles, and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to remove, repair, replace, adjust, align and reinstall hub and fixed axle components |
| identify hazards and safe work practices while performing repairs |
| describe procedures to verify repair of hubs and fixed axles, and their components |
Range of variables
- components (hubs) include: studs, nuts, seals, races, rollers, cages, wedges, hub oil, grease, hub fasteners, wheel bearings
- types of hubs include: spoke, stud-piloted, hub-piloted
- tools and equipment include: punches, hammers, sockets, seal pullers, drivers, jacks, jack/support stands, hand tools, pneumatic tools, torque wrenches, dial indicators, bearing race installers, parts washer
- hazards include: frame shift, pinch points, grease, oil, brake dust, metal filings, sharp edges
D-11.03 Repairs self-steering and lift axles
D-11.03 Repairs self-steering and lift axles
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NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| NV |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
ND |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.03.02P |
remove self-steering and lift axle components |
self-steering and lift axle components are removed according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.03.03P |
replace worn and damaged components |
worn and damaged components are replaced using tools and equipment |
| D-11.03.04P |
adjust and align self-steering and lift axles to kingpin |
self-steering and lift axles are adjusted and aligned to kingpin according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.03.05P |
complete repair |
repair is completed by verifying operation of self-steering and lift axles |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: oxyacetylene torch, dial indicators, micrometers, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, torque wrenches
- components include: kingpins, tie-rod ends, shock absorbers, slack adjusters, cams, cam tubes, bushings, brake chambers, steering bags, stabilizer shocks
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of self-steering and lift axles, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types of self-steering and lift axles, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| D-11.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to repair self-steering and lift axles, and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to repair self-steering and lift axles, and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to remove, repair, replace, adjust, align and reinstall self-steering and lift axle components |
| identify hazards and safe work practices while performing repairs |
| describe procedures to verify repair of self-steering and lift axles, and their components |
Range of variables
- components include: kingpins, tie-rod ends, shock absorbers, slack adjusters, cams, cam tubes, bushings, brake chambers, steering bags, stabilizer shocks
- tools and equipment include: oxyacetylene torch, dial indicators, micrometers, hand tools, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, torque wrenches
- hazards include: airbag rupture, frame shift, debris (rocks, mud, grass, chunks of rubber) projection relating to air loss, pinch points, sudden axle drop
D-11.04 Replaces tires and rims
D-11.04 Replaces tires and rims
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QC |
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MB |
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BC |
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| NV |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
ND |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.04.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.04.02P |
remove tires and rims from hub assembly |
tires and rims are removed from hub assembly using tools and equipment |
| D-11.04.03P |
dismount and mount tires on rims |
tires are dismounted and mounted on rims |
| D-11.04.04P |
inflate tires in tire cage |
tires in tire cage are inflated according to safe work procedures and manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.04.05P |
install tires and rim assemblies on hubs |
tires and rim assemblies are installed on hubs according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
| D-11.04.06P |
tighten and torque wheel nuts |
wheel nuts are tightened and torqued according to manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: tread gauges, pressure gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, hand tools, torque wrenches, tire bars, bead blaster, tire cage, air chuck, valve core tool, rubber mallet, bead axe
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.04.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of tires and rims, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types and sizes of tires and rims, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| identify types of mounting components and describe their characteristics and applications |
| D-11.04.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to replace tires and rims |
identify tools and equipment used to replace tires and rims, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures to replace tires and rims |
| identify hazards and safe work practices while replacing tires and rims |
Range of variables
- components include: multi-piece rims, rims, valve stems, wheel nuts, wheel spacers, wedges, gaskets
- mounting components include: wheel nuts, wedges, studs
- tools and equipment include: tread gauges, pressure gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, pneumatic tools, hand tools, torque wrenches, tire bars, bead blaster, tire cage, air chuck, valve core tool, rubber mallet, bead axe
- hazards include: heating or welding wheel assemblies, lifting and handling of wheel assemblies, over-inflation of tires, under-inflation of tires, sidewall blowouts, exposed belting, high pressure compressed air, valve core projectile
D-11.05 Repairs tires
D-11.05 Repairs tires
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PE |
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QC |
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MB |
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| NV |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
yes |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
ND |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.05.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to task and manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.05.02P |
remove tires and rims from hub assembly |
tires and rims are removed from hub assembly using tools and equipment |
| D-11.05.03P |
dismount tires from rims |
tires are dismounted from rims using tools and equipment |
| D-11.05.04P |
identify internal and external damages |
internal and external damages are identified to recommend next steps |
| D-11.05.05P |
plug and patch tire |
tire is plugged and patched according to size and location of damage |
| D-11.05.06P |
mount tires |
tires are mounted using tools and equipment |
| D-11.05.07P |
inflate tires to verify repair |
tires are inflated to verify repair according to safe work procedures and manufacturers’ specifications and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: tire bars, tire machines, bead axes, bead blasters, air chucks, tire gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, tire cages, hand tools, pneumatic tools
- next steps include: repair, visual inspection of cuts, cracks and inner and outer sidewall damage
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.05.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of tires, their components, characteristics, applications and operation |
identify types and sizes of tires, and their components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation |
| identify types of mounting components, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| D-11.05.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to repair tires |
identify tools and equipment used to repair tires, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| identify types of tire damages that can be repaired |
| describe procedures to dismount, mount and repair tires |
| identify tire repair techniques |
| identify hazards and safe work practices while performing repairs |
| describe procedures to verify repair of tires |
Range of variables
- mounting components include: wheel nuts, wedges, studs
- tools and equipment include: tire bars, tire machines, bead axes, bead blasters, air chucks, tire gauges, jacks, jack/support stands, tire cages, hand tools, pneumatic tools
- tire repair techniques include: plugging and patching
- hazards include: heating or welding wheel assemblies (pyrolysis), lifting and handling of wheel assemblies, over-inflation of tires, under-inflation of tires, sidewall blowouts, exposed belting, high pressure compressed air, valve core projectile