Major Work Activity B - Plumbing systems
Table of Contents
- Task B-5 Diagnoses plumbing systems
- Task B-6 Services potable water systems
- Task B-7 Services waste water systems
Task B-5 Diagnoses plumbing systems
Task descriptor
Recreation vehicle service technicians need to diagnose plumbing systems in order to identify and efficiently test, sanitize and repair potable and waste water system issues and customer concerns.
B-5.01-Diagnoses potable water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-5.01.01P | confirm customer concern | customer concern is confirmed on work order to isolate source of problem and determine required diagnostic actions |
| B-5.01.02P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-5.01.03P | inspect potable water systems and venting for faults | potable water systems and venting are visually inspected for faults |
| B-5.01.04P | perform water leak test | water leak test is performed by pressurizing system with water or air according to codes |
| B-5.01.05P | activate pumps | pumps are activated to verify normal operation according to manufacturers' specifications |
| B-5.01.06P | verify connections to potable water system components | connections to potable water system components are verified according to requirements |
| B-5.01.07P | determine servicing required | servicing required is determined according to tests and inspections |
| B-5.01.08P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- faults include: leaks, obstructions, low pressure, contaminants
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, valves, fixtures, filters, vents
- requirements include: component placement, customer needs, codes, manufacturers’ specifications, jurisdictional regulations
- servicing includes: replacing or repairing fittings, lines and components
| Reference code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-5.01.01L | demonstrate knowledge of potable water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with potable water systems |
| identify types of antifreeze for potable water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify location of drains and bypass valves, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of bypass systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe impact of movement and vibration on tank and mounting hardware | ||
| identify storage tanks and materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware, materials, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify tubing and piping materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types and sizes of thread, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify accumulators, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of potable water system components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation | ||
| identify types of valves, seals, gaskets and hoses, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify filtration systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| B-5.01.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to diagnose potable water systems | identify tools and equipment used to diagnose potable water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to diagnose potable water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe flushing and sanitizing procedures | ||
| describe winterizing procedures | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, valves, fixtures, filters, vents
- types of fittings include: compression, threaded, barbed
B-5.02-Diagnoses waste water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-5.02.01P | confirm customer concern | customer concern is confirmed on work order to isolate source of problem and determine required diagnostic actions |
| B-5.02.02P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-5.02.03P | inspect waste water systems and venting for faults | waste water systems and venting are visually inspected for faults |
| B-5.02.04P | verify connections to waste water system components | connections to waste water system components are verified by performing leak test |
| B-5.02.05P | verify operation | operation is verified to confirm there are no leaks according to visual inspection |
| B-5.02.06P | determine cause of fault | cause of fault is determined according to flood test |
| B-5.02.07P | determine servicing required | servicing required is determined according to tests and inspections |
| B-5.02.08P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- faults include: leaks, obstructions, contaminants
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
- cause of fault includes: damaged storage tank, blockage, physical leaks, corrosion
- servicing includes: replacing or repairing fittings, pipes, tanks, valves, vents
| Reference code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-5.02.01L | demonstrate knowledge of waste water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with waste water systems |
| identify waste water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify waste water system components, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of toilet chemicals and treatments, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types, materials and sizes of storage tanks, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify collection and discharge system location and operation | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of adhesives and sealants, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe sealing techniques | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| B-5.02.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to diagnose waste water systems | identify tools and equipment used to diagnose waste water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to diagnose waste water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flood test | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe flushing and sanitizing procedures |
Range of variables
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
- types of fittings include: glued, threaded, rubber, compression (waterless drain valve)
- materials include: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), composite flexible materials, sealants
- sealing techniques include: spin welding, gluing, caulking
Task B-6 Services potable water systems
Task descriptor
Recreation vehicle service technicians maintain, repair and install potable water systems. Correct parts are used, and installation methods, sanitation and final testing are performed to manufacturer and environmental standards. This ensures system integrity, and safety for RV owners and the environment. Completed work is documented ensuring specific customer service records and requirements of individual RV units are recorded, filed and available for review prior to future customer service appointments.
B-6.01-Maintains potable water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.01.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-6.01.02P | flush system | system is flushed by filling fresh water tank, and flushing water lines and related components |
| B-6.01.03P | remove and replace potable water filters | potable water filters are removed and replaced |
| B-6.01.04P | clean potable water system components | potable water system components are cleaned |
| B-6.01.05P | sanitize potable water systems | potable water systems are sanitized |
| B-6.01.06P | winterize and de-winterize potable water systems | potable water systems are winterized and de-winterized according to company policies and procedures |
| B-6.01.07P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, valves, fixtures, filters
| Reference code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.01.01L | demonstrate knowledge of potable water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with potable water systems |
| identify types of antifreeze for potable water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify location of drains and bypass valves, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of bypass systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe impact of movement and vibration on tank and mounting hardware | ||
| identify storage tanks and materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware and materials, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify tubing and piping materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types and sizes of thread, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify accumulators, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of potable water system components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation | ||
| identify types of valves, seals and hoses, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify filtration systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| B-6.01.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to maintain potable water systems | identify tools and equipment used to maintain potable water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to maintain potable water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe flushing and sanitizing procedures | ||
| describe winterizing procedures | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, valves, fixtures, filters
- types of fittings include: compression, threaded, barbed, glued
B-6.02-Repairs potable water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.02.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-6.02.02P | access repair area | repair area is accessed by removing items |
| B-6.02.03P | repair or replace potable water system components | potable water system components are repaired or replaced according to diagnosis |
| B-6.02.04P | perform water leak test | water leak test is performed to ensure integrity of system |
| B-6.02.05P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: filter wrenches, hand tools, power tools, basin wrench, air-pressure gauge, caulking gun
- items include: tank covers, access panels, cabinets
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, valves, seals, gaskets, fixtures, filters
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.02.01L | demonstrate knowledge of potable water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with potable water systems |
| identify types of antifreeze for potable water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify location of drains and bypass valves, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of bypass systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe impact of movement and vibration on tank and mounting hardware | ||
| identify storage tanks and materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware and materials, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify tubing and piping materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types and sizes of thread, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify accumulators, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of potable water system components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation | ||
| identify types of valves, seals, gaskets and hoses, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify filtration systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| B-6.02.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to repair potable water systems | identify tools and equipment used to repair potable water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to repair potable water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe winterizing procedures | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, valves, seals, gaskets, fixtures, filters
- types of fittings include: compression, threaded, barbed, glued
- tools and equipment include: filter wrenches, hand tools, power tools, basin wrench, air-pressure gauge, caulking gun
B-6.03-Installs potable water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.03.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-6.03.02P | calculate water weight, tank dimensions, system demands and materials required | water weight, tank dimensions, system demand and materials required are calculated to determine installation strategy according to requirements |
| B-6.03.03P | access installation area | installation area is accessed by removing items |
| B-6.03.04P | adjust area | area is adjusted to accommodate new potable water system components according to requirements |
| B-6.03.05P | install potable water system components | potable water system components are installed according to requirements |
| B-6.03.06P | verify potable water system operation | operation of potable water system is verified |
| B-6.03.07P | perform water leak test | water leak test is performed to ensure system integrity |
| B-6.03.08P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: cutters, crimpers, hand tools, power tools, air-pressure gauge, caulking gun
- requirements include: component placement, customer needs, codes, manufacturers’ specifications, jurisdictional regulations
- items include: beds, cabinets, access panels
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, sealants, spray foam, valves, fixtures, filters
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-6.03.01L | demonstrate knowledge of potable water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with potable water systems |
| identify types of antifreeze for potable water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify location of drains and bypass valves, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of bypass systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe impact of movement and vibration on tank and mounting hardware | ||
| identify storage tanks and materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware and materials, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify tubing and piping materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types and sizes of thread, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify accumulators, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of potable water system components, and describe their characteristics, applications and operation | ||
| identify types of valves, seals, gaskets and hoses, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify filtration systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| B-6.03.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to install potable water systems | identify tools and equipment used to install potable water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to install potable water systems | ||
| describe sealant procedures | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test procedures | ||
| describe winterizing procedures | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: water pumps, water tanks, accumulator, tubing, fittings, seals, gaskets, sealants, spray foam, valves, fixtures, filters
- types of fittings include: compression, threaded, barbed, glued
- tools and equipment include: cutters, crimpers, hand tools, power tools, air-pressure gauge, caulking gun
Task B-7 Services waste water systems
Task descriptor
Recreation vehicle service technicians maintain, repair and install waste water systems. Correct parts are used, and installation methods, sanitation, winterizing and de-winterizing, and final testing must be performed to manufacturer and environmental standards. This ensures system integrity, and safety for RV owners and the environment. Completed work is documented ensuring specific customer service records and requirements of individual RV units are recorded, filed and available for review prior to future customer service appointments.
B-7.01-Maintains waste water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.01.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-7.01.02P | clean holding tanks | holding tanks are cleaned using various methods |
| B-7.01.03P | lubricate or replace valves | valves are lubricated or replaced |
| B-7.01.04P | winterize and de-winterize waste water system | waste water system is winterized and de-winterized according to company procedures |
| B-7.01.05P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- methods include: chemical treatments, rinsing systems
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.01.01L | demonstrate knowledge of waste water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with waste water systems |
| identify waste water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify waste water system components, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of toilet chemicals and treatments, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types, materials and sizes of waste tanks, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify collection and discharge system location | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe collection and discharge system operation | ||
| identify types of adhesives, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe sealing techniques | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| B-7.01.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to maintain waste water systems | identify tools and equipment used to maintain waste water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to maintain waste water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flood test | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe flushing and sanitizing procedures |
Range of variables
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
- types of fittings include: glued, threaded, rubber, compression (waterless drain valve)
- materials include: ABS, composite flexible materials, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), sealants
- sealing techniques include: spin welding, gluing, clamping, gasket, caulking
B-7.02-Repairs waste water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.02.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-7.02.02P | access repair area | repair area is accessed by removing items |
| B-7.02.03P | replace defective components | defective components are replaced |
| B-7.02.04P | repair waste water system components | waste water system components are repaired according to job task |
| B-7.02.05P | perform water leak test | water leak test is performed to ensure system integrity |
| B-7.02.06P | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- items include: tank covers, access panels, appliances
- defective components include: P-traps, gate valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, venting systems, tanks
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.02.01L | demonstrate knowledge of waste water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with waste water systems |
| identify waste water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify waste water system components, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of toilet chemicals and treatments, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types, materials and sizes of waste tanks, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify collection and discharge system location | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe collection and discharge system operation | ||
| identify types of adhesives, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe sealing techniques | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| B-7.02.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to repair waste water systems | identify tools and equipment used to repair waste water systems, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to repair waste water systems | ||
| describe procedures to perform flood test | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
- types of fittings include: threaded, rubber, glued, compression (waterless drain valve)
- materials include: ABS, composite flexible materials, PVC, sealants
- sealing techniques include: spin welding, gluing, solvent welding, clamping, caulking
B-7.03-Installs waste water systems
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NV | yes | NV | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.03.01P | select and use tools and equipment | tools and equipment are selected and used according to job task |
| B-7.03.02P | determine installation strategy | installation strategy is determined according to requirements to calculate capacity and material required |
| B-7.03.03P | access installation area | installation area is accessed by removing items or lifting RV |
| B-7.03.04P | adjust area | area is adjusted to accommodate new waste water system components according to requirements |
| B-7.03.05P | install waste water system components | waste water system components are installed according to requirements |
| B-7.03.06P | verify waste water system operation | waste water system operation is verified according to requirements |
| B-7.03.07P | perform water leak test | water leak test is performed to ensure system integrity |
| B-7.03.08 | document work | work is documented according to company policies and procedures |
Range of variables
- requirements include: component placement, customer needs, codes, manufacturers’ specifications, jurisdictional regulations
- items include: access panels, cabinets
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| B-7.03.01L | demonstrate knowledge of waste water systems, their components, characteristics and applications | identify terminology associated with waste water systems |
| identify waste water systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify waste water system components, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of toilet chemicals and treatments, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types, materials and sizes of waste tanks, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of mounting hardware, and describe their requirements, characteristics and applications | ||
| identify collection and discharge system location | ||
| identify types of fittings, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify materials, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe collection and discharge system operation | ||
| identify types of adhesives, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe sealing techniques | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| describe operation of pumps, valves and fixtures | ||
| identify potential leakage areas | ||
| identify tank location and piping size, and describe venting requirements | ||
| B-7.03.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to install waste water system components | identify tools and equipment used to install waste water system components, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to install waste water system components | ||
| describe procedures to perform flood test | ||
| describe procedures to perform flow test | ||
| describe procedures to perform water leak test |
Range of variables
- components include: toilets, sewer valves, tanks, connections, valves, fittings, seals, gaskets, sensors, wires, pipes, vents
- types of fittings include: threaded, rubber, compression (waterless drain valve)
- materials include: ABS, composite flexible materials, PVC, sealants
- sealing techniques include: spin welding, gluing, clamping, caulking