Table of contents
Task G-24 Establishes and optimizes process control strategies
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians determine and optimize process control strategies. Process control strategies are employed and selected to maintain and control the performance of the process.
G-24.01 - Determines process control strategy
G-24.01 - Determines process control strategy
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-24.01.01P |
determine control, process parameters and manipulated variables |
control, process parameters and manipulated variables are determined according to process requirements |
| G-24.01.02P |
determine applicable control strategy |
applicable control strategy is determined according to process requirements and engineered designs |
| G-24.01.03P |
develop loop diagram as basis for implementation |
loop diagram is developed as basis for implementation according to engineering practices |
| G-24.01.04P |
determine controller action |
controller action is determined according to process requirements |
| G-24.01.05P |
determine controller functions |
controller functions are determined according to process requirements |
Range of variables
- control strategy includes: feedback, feedforward, feedforward indexed, cascade, gap, duplex, selective, ratio, multivariable, floating, relation
- controller action is: direct, reverse
- controller functions include: modulating (proportional-integral [PI], PID, proportional [P]), on/off
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-24.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of process control and its limitations, purpose and applications |
define terminology associated with process control |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to process control |
| interpret information pertaining to basic process control |
| explain process control and its limitations, purpose and applications |
| identify methods of basic process control and describe their applications |
| identify methods of advanced process control and describe their applications |
| identify controller functions and describe their applications and operation |
| explain process dynamics and their impact on process control |
| explain process loop interactions and their impact on process control |
| explain control theory, actions and operational modes |
| G-24.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to process control |
interpret codes and regulations pertaining to process control |
| G-24.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to determine process control strategies |
identify types of control strategies and describe their purpose and applications |
| explain control strategies, controller action and controller functions |
| describe methods of tuning using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) equations |
Range of variables
- purpose and applications include: control variable, manipulated variable, manual/local control, automatic/remote control, open loop, closed loop
- information includes: ISA symbols, SAMA symbols, P&ID, loop diagrams, instrument index, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, control narratives (functional description)
- methods of basic process control include: feedback, manual/auto selection
- methods of advanced process control include: ratio, feedforward, adaptive, cascade, split ranging, relation, gap action, model predictive control, multiple input single output (MISO)/multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
- controller functions include: modulating (proportional-integral [PI], PID, proportional [P]), on/off
- process loop interactions include: boiler control systems (sympathetic loop interactions)
- control strategies include: feedback, feedforward, feedforward indexed, cascade, gap, duplex, selective, ratio, multivariable, floating, relation
- controller action is: direct, reverse
G-24.02 - Optimizes process control
G-24.02 - Optimizes process control
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-24.02.01P |
identify process loop for optimization |
process loop for optimization is identified |
| G-24.02.02P |
evaluate strategy’s ability to control process |
strategy’s ability to control process is evaluated |
| G-24.02.03P |
initiate a change in process |
a change in process is initiated to observe how process control reacts to change |
| G-24.02.04P |
gather process data |
process data is gathered to evaluate process stability and reactions |
| G-24.02.05P |
analyze data and observations |
data and observations are analyzed to determine effectiveness of strategy |
| G-24.02.06P |
recognize control and process limitations |
control and process limitations are recognized |
| G-24.02.07P |
tune process control loop |
process control loop is tuned according to analysis of data and observations |
| G-24.02.08P |
use software to optimize tuning parameters |
software is used to optimize tuning parameters |
| G-24.02.09P |
identify and set alarming requirements |
alarming requirements are identified and set |
Range of variables
- alarming requirements include: process alarms, SIS safety alarms, high/low limits, alarming priority levels
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-24.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of process control and its limitations, purpose and applications |
define terminology associated with process control |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to process control |
| interpret information pertaining to basic process control |
| explain process control and its limitations, purpose and applications |
| identify methods of basic process control and describe their applications |
| identify methods of advanced process control and describe their applications |
| identify controller functions and describe their applications and operation |
| explain process dynamics and their impact on process control |
| explain process loop interactions and their impact on process control |
| explain control theory, actions and operational modes |
| G-24.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to process control |
interpret codes and regulations pertaining to process control |
| G-24.02.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to optimize process control systems |
identify tools, equipment and software used to optimize process control systems, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to optimize process control systems |
| describe procedures used to tune control loops |
| describe procedures used to identify and set alarming requirements |
Range of variables
- purpose and applications include: control variable, manipulated variable, manual control, automatic control, open loop, closed loop
- information includes: ISA symbols, SAMA symbols, P&ID, loop diagrams, instrument index, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, control narratives (functional description)
- methods of basic process control include: feedback, manual/auto selection
- methods of advanced process control include: ratio, feedforward, adaptive, cascade, split ranging, relation, gap action, model predictive control, MISO/ MIMO
- controller functions include: modulating (PI, PID, P), on/off
- process loop interactions include: boiler control systems (sympathetic loop interactions)
- procedures used to tune control loops include: closed loop methods, open loop methods
- alarming requirements include: process alarms, SIS safety alarms, high/low limits, alarming priority levels
Task G-25 Installs and services stand-alone controllers (SAC)
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians install and service SAC. SAC such as electronic and pneumatic controllers employ control strategies. They control a specific process variable typically for single loop applications rather than multiple processes or large control schemes. They may be configured to receive remote set points. They are not required to be connected to other plant networks.
G-25.01 - Installs SAC
G-25.01 - Installs SAC
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-25.01.01P |
select controller |
controller is selected according to application, process requirements, control strategy and signal requirements |
| G-25.01.02P |
determine mounting requirements and locations |
mounting requirements and locations are determined according to codes, environmental conditions and area classifications |
| G-25.01.03P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to installation requirements and manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-25.01.04P |
connect wiring and tubing to controller |
wiring and tubing are connected to controller according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specification and codes |
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-25.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SAC, their limitations, purpose and applications |
define terminology associated with SAC |
| identify types of SAC, and describe their limitations, purpose and applications |
| describe SAC functions and modes |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SAC |
| interpret information pertaining to SAC found on drawings and specifications |
| describe operating theory and parameters of SAC |
| G-25.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to install SAC |
identify tools and equipment used to install SAC, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to install SAC |
| explain SAC installation requirements |
| describe methods used to connect SAC |
Range of variables
- types of SAC include: analogue, electronic, pneumatic, microprocessor (single loop, cascade loop)
- SAC functions and modes include: direct/reverse action, auto/manual, PID, on/off, local/remote
- information includes: ISA symbols, SAMA symbols, P&ID, loop diagrams, instrument index, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, control narratives (functional description)
- installation requirements include: ambient conditions, area classification
G-25.02 - Configures SAC
G-25.02 - Configures SAC
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-25.02.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software for configuration and adjustments |
tools, equipment and software for configuration and adjustments are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-25.02.02P |
develop controller configuration |
controller configuration is developed according to process control strategy |
| G-25.02.03P |
implement configuration |
configuration is implemented |
| G-25.02.04P |
calibrate inputs/outputs (electronic or pneumatic) |
inputs/outputs (electronic or pneumatic) are calibrated according to manufacturers’ specifications and process requirements |
| G-25.02.05P |
tune and verify controller |
controller is tuned and verified to determine if controller configuration controls process according to operational requirements |
| G-25.02.06P |
back up and document configurations, adjustments, settings, diagrams and tuning parameters for future data recovery |
configurations, adjustments, settings, diagrams and tuning parameters are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: hand-held programmers, pneumatic and electrical test equipment
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-25.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SAC, their limitations, purpose and applications |
define terminology associated with SAC |
| identify types of SAC, and describe their limitations, purpose and applications |
| describe SAC functions and modes |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SAC |
| interpret information pertaining to SAC |
| G-25.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to configure SAC |
identify tools, equipment and software used to configure SAC, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures and techniques used to configure and tune SAC |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
| G-25.02.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to calibrate SAC |
identify tools, equipment and software used to calibrate SAC, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures and techniques used to calibrate SAC |
Range of variables
- types of SAC include: analogue, electronic, pneumatic, microprocessor (single loop, cascade loop)
- SAC functions and modes include: direct/reverse action, auto/manual, PID, on/off, local/remote
- information includes: ISA symbols, SAMA symbols, P&ID, loop diagrams, instrument index, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, control narratives (functional description)
- tools and equipment include: hand-held programmers, pneumatic and electrical test equipment
G-25.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on SAC
G-25.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on SAC
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-25.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-25.03.02P |
perform routine maintenance |
routine maintenance is performed according to schedule |
| G-25.03.03P |
diagnose error codes and status lights |
error codes and status lights are diagnosed to identify problems |
| G-25.03.04P |
identify probable root cause of faults |
probable root cause is identified by investigating symptoms and conditions to determine location of faults |
| G-25.03.05P |
determine steps required to address faults |
steps required to address faults are determined based on probable root cause |
| G-25.03.06P |
repair and replace electronic components |
electronic components are repaired and replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-25.03.07P |
repair and replace pneumatic components |
pneumatic components are repaired and replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-25.03.08P |
perform controller alignment |
controller is aligned according to manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-25.03.09P |
restore program and configuration from backup and return controller to service |
program and configuration is restored from backup and controller is returned to service |
| G-25.03.10P |
verify SAC tuning, programming and configuration |
SAC tuning, programming and configuration is verified |
| G-25.03.11P |
back up and document SAC program, settings and configuration |
SAC program, settings and configuration are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: multimeters, software, calibration equipment
- maintenance includes: replacing filters, restrictors and backup batteries, checking indicating lights, verifying environmental conditions (temperature, cleanliness)
- electronic components include: I/O modules, power supplies, digital displays
- pneumatic components include: flappers, nozzles, relays
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-25.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SAC, their limitations, purpose and applications |
define terminology associated with SAC |
| identify types of SAC, and describe their limitations, purpose and applications |
| describe SAC functions and modes |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SAC |
| interpret information pertaining to SAC found on drawings and specifications |
| describe operating theory and parameters of SAC |
| G-25.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SAC and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SAC and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SAC and their components |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- types of SAC include: analogue, electronic, pneumatic, microprocessor (single loop, cascade loop)
- SAC functions and modes include: direct/reverse action, auto/manual, PID, on/off, local/remote
- information includes: ISA symbols, SAMA symbols, P&ID, loop diagrams, instrument index, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, control narratives (functional description)
- tools and equipment include: multimeters, software, calibration equipment
Task G-26 Installs and services programmable logic controllers (PLC)
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians install and service PLC. PLC employ control strategies and user-created programs to control multiple loops and systems. These can be used individually or networked with other control systems to operate equipment and facilities efficiently and safely.
G-26.01 - Installs PLC
G-26.01 - Installs PLC
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-26.01.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-26.01.02P |
determine PLC to be installed |
PLC to be installed is determined according to codes, engineered designs, application and control strategy |
| G-26.01.03P |
confirm installation details of PLC |
installation details of PLC are confirmed |
| G-26.01.04P |
mount racks and components |
racks and components are mounted according to industry practices, engineered designs and manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-26.01.05P |
connect wiring and network to PLC |
wiring and network are connected to PLC according to industry practices, engineered drawings, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-26.01.06P |
address environmental conditions |
environmental conditions are addressed |
Range of variables
- components include: cards (I/O, processor, network, memory), racks, power supplies, battery backup
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, hazardous locations
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-26.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of PLC, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with PLC and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to PLC |
| interpret information pertaining to PLC found on drawings and specifications |
| identify types of PLC, their components and describe their operation, architecture and capabilities |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to PLC |
| identify communication systems used by PLC |
| G-26.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to PLC |
interpret standards, codes and regulations pertaining to PLC |
| G-26.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to install PLC and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to install PLC and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to select and install PLC and their components |
| explain grounding/bonding methods |
| describe environmental conditions to address when installing PLC |
Range of variables
- components include: cards (I/O, processor, network, memory), racks, power supplies, battery backup
- hazards include: online vs. offline applications, forces, jumpers, interlocks
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, hazardous locations
G-26.02 - Configures PLC
G-26.02 - Configures PLC
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| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-26.02.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications and engineered designs |
| G-26.02.02P |
update firmware |
firmware is updated according to manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-26.02.03P |
upload and download PLC programs |
PLC programs are uploaded and downloaded |
| G-26.02.04P |
validate PLC configuration |
PLC configuration is validated according to card and rack layout |
| G-26.02.05P |
program PLC including comments |
PLC including comments is programmed according to process control strategy |
| G-26.02.06P |
configure external communication with other systems and devices |
external communication is configured with other systems and devices |
| G-26.02.07P |
verify tuning, configuration and programming |
tuning, configuration and programming are verified to determine if PLC controls process according to operational requirements |
| G-26.02.08P |
back up and document programming, configuration, settings and parameters |
programming, configuration, settings and parameters are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-26.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of PLC, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with PLC and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to PLC |
| interpret information pertaining to PLC found on drawings and specifications |
| identify types of PLC, their components and describe their operation, architecture and capabilities |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to PLC |
| identify communication systems used by PLC |
| G-26.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of programming languages used to program PLC |
identify programming languages used to program PLC |
| describe PLC ladder logic programs that use timers and counters |
| describe PLC ladder logic programs that use math instructions and PID control |
| describe PLC function block, sequential logic and ST programs |
| describe PLC programs that use subroutines |
| describe PLC mixed language programs |
| describe PLC integration with various Fieldbus devices |
| identify types of data |
| describe software and hardware limitations |
| G-26.02.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to configure PLC and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to configure PLC and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to configure PLC and their components |
| describe configuration parameters |
| explain cause and effects of forcing and bypassing I/Os |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
| describe alarm management and history management concepts for a PLC |
Range of variables
- components include: cards (I/O, processor, network, memory), racks, power supplies, battery backup
- hazards include: online vs. offline applications, forces, jumpers, interlocks
- programming languages include: ladder diagram (LD), FBD, ST, instruction list (IL), SFC, Boolean logic diagrams
- types of data include: binary, integer, floating point
G-26.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on PLC
G-26.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on PLC
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-26.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-26.03.02P |
perform routine maintenance |
routine maintenance is performed according to schedule |
| G-26.03.03P |
diagnose error codes, logs and status lights |
error codes, logs and status lights are diagnosed to identify problems |
| G-26.03.04P |
identify probable root cause of faults |
probable root cause is identified by investigating symptoms and conditions to determine location of faults |
| G-26.03.05P |
perform diagnostic procedures |
diagnostic procedures are performed |
| G-26.03.06P |
determine steps required to address faults |
steps required to address faults are determined based on probable root cause |
| G-26.03.07P |
replace components |
components are replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-26.03.08P |
restore program and configuration from backup |
program and configuration are restored from backup |
| G-26.03.09P |
verify PLC programming and configuration |
PLC programming and configuration are verified |
| G-26.03.10P |
back up and document PLC program and configuration |
PLC program and configuration are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: software, multimeters, hand-held programmers, computer
- maintenance includes: replacing backup batteries, observing indicator lights, verifying environmental conditions (temperature, cleanliness)
- diagnostic procedures include: forcing I/O, setting traps (first out logic) and counters
- components include: cards (I/O, processor, network, memory), racks, power supplies, battery backup
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-26.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of PLC, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with PLC and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to PLC |
| interpret information pertaining to PLC found on drawings and specifications |
| identify types of PLC and their components, and describe their operation, architecture and capabilities |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to PLC |
| identify communication systems used by PLC |
| identify types of data |
| G-26.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of programming languages used to program PLC |
interpret PLC programming languages |
| G-26.03.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to maintain, diagnose and repair and replace PLC and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace PLC and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace PLC and their components |
| describe obsolescence issues |
| describe hot standby and redundancy applications |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting PLC program and configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- components include: cards (I/O, processor, network, memory), racks, power supplies, battery backup
- hazards include: online vs. offline applications, forces, jumpers, interlocks
- types of data include: binary, integer, floating point
- programming languages include: LD, FBD, ST, SFC, Boolean logic diagrams
Task G-27 Installs and services distributed control systems (DCS)
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians install and service DCS. DCS employ control strategies and user-created programs to control multiple loops and systems. They usually incorporate their own operator interface functionality or graphical user station. These can be used individually or networked with other control systems to operate equipment and facilities efficiently and safely.
G-27.01 - Installs DCS
G-27.01 - Installs DCS
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Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-27.01.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-27.01.02P |
assist in determining DCS to be installed |
DCS to be installed is determined according to codes, engineered designs, application, control strategy and company requirements |
| G-27.01.03P |
confirm installation details of DCS components |
installation details of DCS components are confirmed according to manufacturers’ specifications and engineered designs |
| G-27.01.04P |
select and install DCS components |
DCS components are selected and installed according to system requirements |
| G-27.01.05P |
connect wiring and network to DCS |
wiring and network are connected to DCS according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-27.01.06P |
address environmental conditions |
environmental conditions are addressed |
Range of variables
- engineered designs include: loop drawings, logic diagrams, P&ID, control narratives, SAMA
- components include: cabinets, operator stations, servers (memory, historian, security), clients, cards (I/O, network, processor), power supplies, memory, UPS, annunciators
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, hazardous locations
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-27.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of DCS, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with DCS and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to DCS |
| interpret information pertaining to DCS found on drawings and specifications |
| identify DCS components, buses and systems, and describe their purpose and operation |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| describe different software programs of a DCS |
| describe data flow, scan cycle and databases of a DCS |
| describe security and access privileges for a DCS |
| describe redundancy as it applies to DCS |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to DCS |
| describe tag descriptors and addressing |
| G-27.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to DCS and their components |
interpret standards, codes and regulations pertaining to DCS and their components |
| G-27.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to install DCS and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to install DCS and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to select and install DCS and their components |
| describe environmental conditions to address when installing DCS |
| describe methods used to install cabling and grounding/bonding |
Range of variables
- components include: cabinets, operator stations, servers (memory, historian, security), clients, cards (I/O, network, processor), power supplies, memory, UPS, annunciators
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, hazardous locations
G-27.02 - Configures DCS
G-27.02 - Configures DCS
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-27.02.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software for configuration |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used for configuration according to manufacturers’ specifications and engineered designs |
| G-27.02.02P |
update operating software |
operating software is updated |
| G-27.02.03P |
validate DCS configuration |
DCS configuration is validated according to rack and cabinet layout |
| G-27.02.04P |
program DCS, including comments and displays |
DCS, including comments and displays, is programmed according to process control strategy and company standards |
| G-27.02.05P |
configure external communication with other systems and devices |
external communication is configured with other systems and devices |
| G-27.02.06P |
verify tuning, configuration and programming |
tuning, configuration and programming are verified to determine if DCS controls process according to operational requirements |
| G-27.02.07P |
back up and document configuration, settings and parameters |
configuration, settings and parameters are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-27.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of DCS, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with DCS and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to DCS |
| interpret information pertaining to DCS found on drawings and specifications |
| identify DCS components, buses and systems and describe their purpose and operation |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| describe different software programs of a DCS |
| describe data flow, scan cycle and databases of a DCS |
| describe security and access privileges for a DCS |
| describe redundancy as it applies to DCS |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to DCS |
| describe tag descriptors and addressing |
| G-27.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of programming languages used to program DCS |
identify programming languages used to program DCS |
| describe DCS function block, sequential logic and ST programs |
| describe DCS programs that use subroutines |
| describe DCS mixed language programs |
| describe DCS integration with various Fieldbus devices |
| identify types of data |
| describe software and hardware limitations |
| G-27.02.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to configure and program DCS and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to configure and program DCS and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to configure and program DCS and their components |
| describe software and hardware limitations |
| describe configuration parameters |
| describe programming consistency issues |
| describe safety considerations as they apply to a DCS when making changes online, forcing, disabling and bypassing I/O |
| describe procedures used to back up DCS and their components |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
| describe alarm management and history management concepts for a DCS |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| describe trending software used in DCS |
Range of variables
- components include: cabinets, operator stations, servers (memory, historian, security), cards (I/O, network, processor), power supplies, memory, UPS, annunciators
- programming languages include: FBD, ST, IL, SFC, Boolean logic diagrams
- types of data include: binary, integer, floating point, analogue
G-27.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on DCS
G-27.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on DCS
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-27.03.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications and engineered designs |
| G-27.03.02P |
perform maintenance |
maintenance is performed according to schedule |
| G-27.03.03P |
check power supply for proper voltage level |
power supply is checked for proper voltage level |
| G-27.03.04P |
use diagnostic menu to identify problems |
diagnostic menu is used to identify problems |
| G-27.03.05P |
identify probable root cause of faults |
probable root cause is identified by investigating symptoms and conditions to determine location of faults |
| G-27.03.06P |
determine steps required to address problems |
steps required to address problems are determined based on probable root cause |
| G-27.03.07P |
replace components |
components are replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-27.03.08P |
restore DCS program and configuration from backup |
DCS program and configuration are restored from backup |
| G-27.03.09P |
verify DCS configuration |
DCS configuration is verified |
| G-27.03.10P |
back up and document DCS program and servers |
DCS program and servers are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- maintenance includes: replacing backup batteries, checking indicator lights, verifying environmental conditions (temperature, cleanliness), testing UPS
- problems include: network, hardware and communication faults
- components include: cabinets, operator stations, servers (memory, historian, security), cards (I/O, network, processor), power supplies, memory, UPS, annunciators
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-27.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of DCS, their components, operation, architecture and capabilities |
define terminology associated with DCS and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to DCS |
| interpret information pertaining to DCS found on drawings and specifications |
| identify DCS components, buses and systems and describe their purpose and operation |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| describe different software programs of a DCS |
| describe data flow, scan cycle and databases of a DCS |
| describe security and access privileges for a DCS |
| describe redundancy as it applies to DCS |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to DCS |
| describe tag descriptors and addressing |
| G-27.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace DCS and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace DCS and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace DCS and their components |
| describe effects of maintenance actions or errors |
| describe cause and effects of forcing, disabling and bypassing I/O |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- components include: cabinets, operator stations, servers (memory, historian, security), cards (I/O, network, processor), power supplies, memory, UPS, annunciators
Task G-28 Installs and services human machine interface (HMI)
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians install and service HMI. HMI interfaces with the controlling devices such as PLC, DCS and SCADA systems in order to allow monitoring and controlling of the process through graphical displays or text. HMI often has the ability to provide trending, alarm summaries and historical data collection.
G-28.01 - Installs HMI
G-28.01 - Installs HMI
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-28.01.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-28.01.02P |
determine HMI |
HMI is determined according to codes, engineered designs, application, control strategy and company requirements |
| G-28.01.03P |
confirm installation details of HMI |
installation details of HMI are confirmed |
| G-28.01.04P |
address environmental conditions |
environmental conditions are addressed |
| G-28.01.05P |
mount HMI components |
HMI components are mounted according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-28.01.06P |
connect cabling and network to HMI |
cabling and network are connected to HMI according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ recommendations, site requirements and codes |
Range of variables
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, ergonomics, hazardous locations
- components include: hardware (computer, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printers, scanners, recorder/data loggers, annunciator), software (engineering/design, operation/application)
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-28.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of HMI and their components, purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
define terminology associated with HMI and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to HMI |
| interpret information pertaining to HMI found on drawings and specifications |
| describe how HMI are incorporated in PLC, DCS and SCADA systems |
| identify types of HMI and their components, and describe their purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
| identify types of HMI operator displays and their purpose |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| identify types of HMI programs and associated software |
| describe security and access privileges for HMI |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| describe communication systems used with HMI |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to HMI |
| G-28.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to HMI and their components |
identify standards, codes and regulations pertaining to HMI and their components |
| G-28.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to install HMI and their components |
identify tools and equipment used to install HMI and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to select and install HMI and their components |
| describe methods used to install cabling and network to HMI |
| describe environmental conditions to address when installing HMI |
Range of variables
- components include: hardware (computer, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printers, scanners, recorder/data loggers, annunciator), software (engineering/design, operation/application)
- HMI operator displays include: overview, group, detail, graphic, alarm summary, annunciator, trend, text
- software includes: word processors, spreadsheets, databases, trending
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC
- environmental conditions include: ambient conditions, contamination, ergonomics, hazardous locations
G-28.02 - Configures HMI
G-28.02 - Configures HMI
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-28.02.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software for configuration |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used for configuration according to manufacturers’ specifications and company practices |
| G-28.02.02P |
update software and firmware |
software and firmware are updated according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-28.02.03P |
validate HMI configuration, including depiction of process control strategy |
HMI configuration, including depiction of process control strategy, is validated |
| G-28.02.04P |
configure external communication with other systems and devices |
external communication is configured with other systems and devices |
| G-28.02.05P |
verify that HMI configuration and programming interface with and control process variables |
HMI configuration and programming interfaces with and controls process variables according to operational requirements and industry standards |
| G-28.02.06P |
back up and document HMI configuration, settings and parameters |
HMI configuration, settings and parameters are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-28.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of HMI, their components, purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
define terminology associated with HMI and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to HMI |
| interpret information pertaining to HMI found on drawings and specifications |
| describe how HMI are incorporated in PLC, DCS and SCADA systems |
| identify HMI and their components, and describe their purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
| identify types of HMI operator displays and their purpose |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| identify types of HMI programs and associated software |
| describe security and access privileges for HMI |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| describe communication systems used with HMI |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to HMI |
| G-28.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to configure and program HMI and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to configure and program HMI and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to configure and program HMI and their components |
| describe software and firmware limitations |
| describe configuration parameters |
| describe alarm management and history management concepts for an HMI |
| describe programming consistency issues |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
| describe tag descriptors and addressing |
Range of variables
- components include: hardware (computer, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printers, scanners, recorder/data loggers, annunciator), software (engineering/design, operation/application)
- HMI operator displays include: overview, group, detail, graphic, alarm summary, annunciator, trend, text
- software includes: word processors, spreadsheets, databases, trending
G-28.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on HMI
G-28.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on HMI
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-28.03.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications and company practices |
| G-28.03.02P |
perform maintenance |
maintenance is performed according to schedule |
| G-28.03.03P |
review error messages and logs to isolate faults |
error messages and logs are reviewed to isolate faults |
| G-28.03.04P |
perform diagnostic procedures |
diagnostic procedures are performed |
| G-28.03.05P |
check power supply for proper voltage |
power supply is checked for proper voltage |
| G-28.03.06P |
identify probable root cause of faults |
probable root cause is identified by investigating symptoms and conditions to determine location of faults |
| G-28.03.07P |
determine steps required to address faults |
steps required to address faults are determined based on probable root cause |
| G-28.03.08P |
replace components |
components are replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-28.03.09P |
restore HMI program and configuration from backup |
HMI program and configuration from backup are restored |
| G-28.03.10P |
verify and test HMI configuration |
HMI configuration is verified and tested |
| G-28.03.11P |
back up and document HMI program and configuration |
HMI program and configuration are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- maintenance includes: replacing backup batteries, addressing environmental conditions
- faults include: network, communication
- diagnostic procedures include: manipulating process variables, verifying communication status, verifying graphic updates, verifying database integrity
- components include: communication modules, power supplies
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-28.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of HMI, their components, purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
define terminology associated with HMI and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to HMI |
| interpret information pertaining to HMI found on drawings and specifications |
| describe how HMI are incorporated in PLC, DCS and SCADA systems |
| identify HMI and their components, and describe their purpose, operation, design and capabilities |
| identify types of HMI operator displays and their purpose |
| explain digital, discrete and analogue signals |
| identify types of HMI programs and associated software |
| describe security and access privileges for HMI |
| explain importance of compatibility with other process control systems |
| describe communication systems used with HMI |
| explain licensing and service contract requirements pertaining to HMI |
| describe tag descriptors and addressing |
| G-28.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace HMI and their components |
identify tools, equipment and software used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace HMI and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace HMI and their components |
| describe effects of maintenance actions or errors |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- components include: communication modules, power supplies
- HMI operator displays include: overview, group, detail, graphic, alarm summary, annunciator, trend, text
- software includes: word processors, spreadsheets, databases, trending
Task G-29 Installs and services supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems
Task descriptor
Instrumentation and control technicians install and service SCADA systems. SCADA systems are data transmission and acquisition systems for remote control and monitoring of equipment and facilities. They can be used for control applications such as remote shut‑down and start‑up of equipment. They may have the added ability to store, measure, trend and manipulate data for reporting purposes.
G-29.01 - Installs SCADA systems
G-29.01 - Installs SCADA systems
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-29.01.01P |
select SCADA equipment |
SCADA equipment is selected according to codes, engineered designs, application, control strategy and site specifications |
| G-29.01.02P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-29.01.03P |
mount SCADA components |
SCADA components are mounted according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-29.01.04P |
terminate wiring and network to SCADA equipment |
wiring and network are terminated to SCADA equipment according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-29.01.05P |
mount and test wireless transmission |
wireless transmission is mounted and tested according to industry practices, engineered designs, manufacturers’ specifications and codes |
| G-29.01.06P |
avoid interference with other systems and processes |
interference with other systems and processes are avoided by methods |
Range of variables
- components include: hardware (master terminal unit [MTU], remote terminal unit [RTU], PLC, HMI, multiple variable computing devices), software, communication systems, power supplies
- methods include: selecting proper channel and wavelength, using proper cable routing, using signal isolators
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-29.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SCADA systems, their components and operation |
define terminology associated with SCADA systems and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SCADA systems |
| interpret information pertaining to SCADA systems found on drawings and specifications |
| identify SCADA system components and describe their purpose and operation |
| identify types of SCADA protocols and configurations and describe their features and limitations |
| describe SCADA theory |
| identify connection methods for SCADA systems |
| identify potential causes of interference |
| describe grounding/bonding methods |
| G-29.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
interpret standards, codes and regulations pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
| G-29.01.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to install SCADA systems and components |
identify tools and equipment used to install SCADA systems and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to select and install SCADA systems and their components |
Range of variables
- components include: hardware (MTU, RTU, PLC, HMI, multiple variable computing devices), software, communication systems, power supplies
- SCADA theory includes: remote processes, system interactions
- connection methods include: hardwired, wireless
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC
G-29.02 - Configures SCADA systems
G-29.02 - Configures SCADA systems
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-29.02.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software |
tools, equipment and software to configure SCADA system are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-29.02.02P |
configure and validate SCADA system, including comments and tagging |
SCADA system, including comments and tagging, is configured according to application and company standards |
| G-29.02.03P |
update software and firmware |
software and firmware are updated |
| G-29.02.04P |
upload and download SCADA system configurations/database |
SCADA system configurations/database are uploaded and downloaded |
| G-29.02.05P |
configure external communication with other systems and devices |
external communication is configured with other systems and devices |
| G-29.02.06P |
determine if SCADA system monitors and controls process |
SCADA system monitors and controls process according to operational requirements |
| G-29.02.07P |
back up and document programming, configuration, settings and parameters |
programming, configuration, settings and parameters are backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-29.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SCADA systems, their components and operation |
define terminology associated with SCADA systems and their components |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SCADA systems |
| interpret information pertaining to SCADA systems found on drawings and specifications |
| identify SCADA system components and describe their purpose and operation |
| identify types of SCADA protocols and configurations and describe their features and limitations |
| describe SCADA theory |
| identify connection methods for SCADA systems |
| identify potential causes of interference |
| G-29.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
interpret standards, codes and regulations pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
| G-29.02.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to configure SCADA systems and components |
identify tools, equipment, and software used to configure SCADA systems and their components, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to configure SCADA systems and their components |
| describe procedures to program a SCADA system |
| describe configuration methods |
| describe communication protocols |
| describe time synchronization and time-stamping |
| describe procedures used to configure, upgrade and restore SCADA systems and their components |
| describe importance of backing up and documenting program and configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- components include: hardware (MTU, RTU, PLC, HMI, multiple variable computing devices), software, communication systems (cellular, satellite, radio), interconnected media
- SCADA theory includes: remote processes, system interactions
- connection methods include: hardwired, wireless
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC
- configuration methods include: addressing, networking
- communication protocols include: Modbus, TCP/IP, Fieldbus, Devicenet, Master/Slave
G-29.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on SCADA systems
G-29.03 - Performs maintenance, diagnostics and repairs on SCADA systems
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
ND |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| G-29.03.01P |
select and use tools, equipment and software |
tools, equipment and software are selected and used according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| G-29.03.02P |
monitor network scan times |
network scan times are monitored |
| G-29.03.03P |
follow manufacturers’ maintenance schedule |
manufacturers’ maintenance schedule is followed |
| G-29.03.04P |
review error messages, logs and status lights |
error messages, logs and status lights are reviewed to isolate problems |
| G-29.03.05P |
perform diagnostic procedures |
diagnostic procedures are performed |
| G-29.03.06P |
check power source for proper voltage |
power source is checked for proper voltage |
| G-29.03.07P |
interpret self-diagnostic and alarm indicators |
self-diagnostic and alarm indicators are interpreted |
| G-29.03.08P |
test wireless signal strength |
wireless signal strength is tested to ensure that it is operational |
| G-29.03.09P |
verify maintenance documentation and historical data |
maintenance documentation and historical data are verified to assist in determining probable root cause |
| G-29.03.10P |
determine steps required to address faults |
steps required to address faults are determined based on probable root cause |
| G-29.03.11P |
replace components |
components are replaced according to job procedures and manufacturers’ recommendations |
| G-29.03.12P |
restore and verify SCADA configuration from backup |
SCADA configuration is restored from backup and verified |
| G-29.03.13P |
back up and document SCADA configuration for future data recovery |
SCADA configuration is backed up and documented for future data recovery |
Range of variables
- maintenance includes: replacing backup batteries, cleaning solar panels, checking indicator lights, verifying environmental conditions (ambient conditions, cleanliness)
- diagnostic procedures include: forcing I/O, setting traps (first outs) and counters
- components include: servers, power supplies, cards (I/O, network, processor), operator stations
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| G-29.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of SCADA systems, their components and operation |
define terminology associated with SCADA systems |
| identify hazards and describe safe work practices pertaining to SCADA systems |
| interpret information pertaining to SCADA systems found on drawings and specifications |
| identify SCADA system components and describe their purpose and operation |
| identify types of SCADA protocols and configurations and describe their features and limitations |
| describe SCADA theory |
| identify connection methods for SCADA systems |
| identify potential causes of interference |
| G-29.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of regulatory requirements pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
interpret standards, codes and regulations pertaining to SCADA systems and their components |
| G-29.03.03L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SCADA systems and components |
identify tools, equipment, and software used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SCADA systems, and describe their applications and procedures for use |
| describe procedures used to maintain, diagnose, repair and replace SCADA systems and their components |
| describe procedures used to manipulate process to allow for servicing |
| describe procedures and importance of backing up and documenting SCADA configuration before and after service |
Range of variables
- components include: servers, power supplies, cards (I/O, network, processor), operator stations
- SCADA theory includes: remote processes, system interactions
- connection methods include: hardwired, wireless
- standards, codes and regulations include: CEC, IEEE, ISA, CSA, CRTC, NERC