non-essential components added to the machine to enhance the operation or extend machine longevity; for example: greasing systems, radio, air conditioning and extra lights. Although some accessories are non-essential to the machine operation, they are sometimes required in extreme operating environments
attachments
components added to the machine that are integral to its operation to perform a specific job; for example: ripper, winch, thumb, hammer, tamper, powerhead or forks
base engine
assembled block and head including internal components and gear trains
break-in
a controlled operation specified by the manufacturer on new or repaired components to maximize service life
cold weather package
accessories used to aid machine start-up and operation in cold weather environments; may include fluid heaters, extra batteries, glow plug systems, starting fluid injection systems, heating pads and inlet air heaters
diagnose
tasks involved in inspecting, testing and determining faults in machine systems and components
drivetrain
the mechanical portion of the driveline from the flywheel to the tires or the track excluding hydrostatic systems and electric motors
driveline
the shafts, bearings and joints identified between a drive component and a driven component
electronic control module (ECM)
an electronic component which interprets and controls functions of a machine; some common ECMs are electronic processing units (EPUs), electronic control units (ECUs), machine electronic control units (MECUs), transmission control modules (TCMs), and anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
electrical systems
starting, charging, lighting and accessory circuits without computer control modules
electronic systems
monitoring and control systems operated via computerized electronic control modules, related sensors and wiring, and communications systems
equipment management system
electronic control system that monitors and operates the equipment through inputs, outputs and programming
high voltage
any voltage that has the potential to cause significant injury or harm
hydrostatic system
a hydraulic system which uses fluid under pressure to transmit power through tubes or hoses to drive components such as wheel or track drives
operator station
environment where the operator controls and monitors the equipment
powertrain
includes the drivetrain plus the engine (including hydrostatic systems and electric motors), used to produce power and transmit that power to the drive components (wheels, tracks, legs, etc.)
power take-off (PTO)
device that couples and uncouples a power source to transfer power to auxiliary systems
rebuild
to restore equipment’s components to like-new condition
repair
activities meant to correct a fault or defect in equipment which include replacement or reconditioning of machines and components
sensory inspection
diagnosing or inspecting using sight, sound, smell and feel
start-up
a specific procedure to begin operation of a machine or system
structural components
elements that make up the integral structure of the machine; for example: frame, lift arms, booms, sticks, loader frames, counterweights, ROPS, FOPS and OPS
service
activities which include adjustment, lubricating and general maintenance of machines and components
spark ignition system
system which controls a small amount of electrical power to create and transmit, through a step-up transformer, a high voltage to a sparking device which in turn begins ignition
suspension
components which absorb ground surface irregularities to smooth the machine ride; it is designed to permit controlled wheel or undercarriage movement over irregular surfaces; basic types include spring, hydraulic, air and rubber block
undercarriage
steel or rubber track type components required to support the machine and transmit power from the final drive to the ground
wheel assembly
made up of the tire, rim, hub and related hardware