Table of Contents
Task D-10 Applies veneers
Task descriptor
Cabinetmakers must understand the methods and techniques used for bonding veneer to a variety of substrates according to the design requirements and specifications. For the purpose of this standard, veneers are made of wood and do not have any backing.
D-10.01 - Selects veneers
D-10.01 - Selects veneers
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.01.01P |
identify species of veneers |
species of veneers are identified according to individual characteristics |
| D-10.01.02P |
identify cuts of veneers |
cuts of veneers are identified according to matching requirements |
| D-10.01.03P |
balance sheet |
sheet is balanced according to industry standards |
| D-10.01.04P |
identify acceptable or unacceptable defects and aesthetic appearances |
acceptable or unacceptable defects and aesthetic appearances are identified according to industry standards |
| D-10.01.05P |
ensure quantity of product required for project is available |
quantity of product required for project is available according to flitch size |
Range of variables
- species of veneers include: oak, cherry, maple
- cuts of veneers include: rotary, flat, quarter, rift
- industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
- defects include: mineral stains, knots, insect damage, heartwood/sapwood
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of veneers, and their characteristics and applications |
identify species of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify cuts of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify grades of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify reconstituted veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe matching veneer requirements |
| describe veneer storage techniques and characteristics |
| D-10.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to select veneers |
describe procedures to select veneers |
| describe procedure to balance sheet |
Range of variables
- species of veneers include: oak, cherry, maple
- cuts of veneers include: rotary, flat, quarter, rift
- grades of veneers include: AA, A, B, C, D, E, 1, 2, 3, 4
- matching veneer includes: book, slip, diamond, swing, random, reverse diamond
D-10.02 - Prepares veneer and substrate
D-10.02 - Prepares veneer and substrate
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.02.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-10.02.02P |
calculate optimum size of veneer leaves |
optimum size of veneer leaves is calculated for application and appearance according to industry standards |
| D-10.02.03P |
cut veneer |
veneer is cut to size according to project specifications using tools and equipment |
| D-10.02.04P |
join veneer pieces |
veneer pieces are joined by taping or by using tools and equipment |
| D-10.02.05P |
repair checks and splits in veneer |
checks and splits in veneer are repaired by taping or by using hand stitchers |
| D-10.02.06P |
cut substrate |
substrate is cut to size according to project specifications and considering edge treatment |
| D-10.02.07P |
sand substrate |
substrate is sanded using sanders |
| D-10.02.08P |
relax veneer |
veneer is relaxed either chemically, according to manufacturers’ specifications, or by adding moisture to ensure suitability for laminating |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: mitre saws, shears, guillotine, veneer saw,edge gluers, stitchers
- industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
- sanders include: thickness, drum, belt
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of veneers and substrates, and their characteristics and applications |
identify species of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify cuts of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify grades of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify reconstituted veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe matching veneers requirements |
| describe veneer storage techniques, and describe their characteristics |
| identify substrates, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe methods to calculate quantity of material required |
| D-10.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to prepare veneers and substrates |
identify tools and equipment used to prepare veneers and substrates, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe methods to cut veneers and substrates |
| describe procedures for edge treatment of substrate |
| describe methods to repair veneers and substrates |
| describe methods of sanding substrates |
| describe methods of relaxing veneers |
Range of variables
- species of veneers include: oak, cherry, maple
- cuts of veneers include: rotary, flat, quarter, rift
- grades of veneers include: AA, A, B, C, D, E, 1, 2, 3, 4
- matching veneers include: book, slip, diamond, swing, random, reverse diamond
- tools and equipment include: mitre saws, shears, guillotine, veneer saw,edge gluers, stitchers
D-10.03 - Adheres veneers to substrates
D-10.03 - Adheres veneers to substrates
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-10.03.02P |
select adhesives |
adhesives are selected according to project specifications |
| D-10.03.03P |
apply adhesives |
adhesives are applied according to manufacturers’ specifications and taking into consideration bleed-through |
| D-10.03.04P |
press veneer to substrate |
veneer is pressed to substrate using methods to apply pressure required |
| D-10.03.05P |
perform visual inspection of veneer |
visual inspection of veneer is performed after it is applied to detect delamination and other defects, and repair if possible |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: glue rollers, glue spreaders, veneer presses
- methods include: vacuum press, hot press, cold press
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of veneers and substrates, and their characteristics and applications |
identify species of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify cuts of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify grades of veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify reconstituted veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify matching veneers, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify types of adhesives, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify types of substrates, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe procedures for edge treatment of substrate |
| describe hazards associated with adhesives |
| D-10.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to adhere veneers to substrates |
identify tools and equipment used to apply adhesives and adhere veneers to substrates, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to adhere veneers to substrates |
Range of variables
- species of veneers include: oak, cherry, maple
- cuts of veneers include: rotary, flat, quarter, rift
- grades of veneers include: AA, A, B, C, D, E, 1, 2, 3, 4
- matching veneers include: book, slip, diamond, swing, random, reverse diamond
- tools and equipment include: glue rollers, glue spreaders, veneer presses
D-10.04 - Performs final clean-up of veneered panels
D-10.04 - Performs final clean-up of veneered panels
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-10.04.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-10.04.02P |
scrape veneer seams |
veneer seams are scraped to remove tape, stitch residue and excess glue using tools and equipment |
| D-10.04.03P |
trim overhanging edges |
overhanging edges are trimmed using tools and equipment |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: glue scrapers, sanders, rasps, sanding blocks, files, routers, planes, trimmers
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-10.04.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of final veneered panels, and their characteristics and applications |
describe wood grain characteristics related to trimming |
| describe acceptable defects depending on species and grade |
| D-10.04.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to perform final clean up of veneered panels |
identify tools and equipment used to perform final clean up of veneered panels, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to perform final clean up of veneered panels |
| describe veneer trimming techniques and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: glue scrapers, sanders, rasps, sanding blocks, files, routers, planes, trimmers
Task D-11 Applies laminate sheets
Task descriptor
Cabinetmakers apply laminate sheets to a variety of substrates to provide a durable, sanitary and decorative finish. For the purpose of this standard, veneers with backing are considered laminate sheets as the handling techniques are the same. Many countertops are now supplied by companies that specialize in post-formed countertop manufacturing.
D-11.01 - Selects laminate sheets
D-11.01 - Selects laminate sheets
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.01.01P |
choose size, grade and thickness of laminate sheets |
size, grade and thickness of laminate sheets is chosen according to project specifications |
| D-11.01.02P |
inspect laminate sheets for flaws and damage |
laminate sheets are inspected for flaws and damage according to industry standards |
| D-11.01.03P |
balance sheet |
sheet is balanced according to industry standards |
Range of variables
- grades and thickness include: general purpose (GP), vertical grade (V32), acid resistant, fire rated
- flaws and damage include: scratches, colour variation
- industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.01.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of laminate sheets, and their characteristics and applications |
identify types of laminate sheets, and describetheir properties, characteristics and applications |
| describe grain direction |
| describe sheet balancing |
| D-11.01.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to select laminate sheets |
describe procedures to select laminate sheets |
Range of variables
- properties include: flexibility, grade, finish
D-11.02 - Prepares laminate sheets and substrate
D-11.02 - Prepares laminate sheets and substrate
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.02.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-11.02.02P |
cut laminate sheets |
laminate sheets are cut according to project specifications |
| D-11.02.03P |
handle laminate sheets with care |
laminate sheets are handled with care to prevent damage according to industry standards |
| D-11.02.04P |
join laminate edges |
laminate edges are seamed according to industry standards |
| D-11.02.05P |
cut substrate |
substrate is cut to size according to project specifications and considering edge treatment |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: laminate knives, routers, saws, hand planes
- industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.02.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of laminate sheets and substrates, and their characteristics and applications |
identify types of laminate sheets, and describetheir properties, characteristics and applications |
| identify types of substrates, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| D-11.02.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to prepare laminate sheets and substrate |
identify tools and equipment used to prepare laminate sheets and substrate, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures for edge treatment of substrate |
| describe procedures to prepare laminate sheets and substrate |
Range of variables
- properties include: flexibility, grade, finish
- tools and equipment include: laminate knives, routers, saws, hand planes
D-11.03 - Adheres laminate sheets to substrate
D-11.03 - Adheres laminate sheets to substrate
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.03.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-11.03.02P |
select adhesives |
adhesives are selected according to project specifications |
| D-11.03.03P |
apply adhesives |
adhesives are applied according to manufacturers’ specifications |
| D-11.03.04P |
press laminate to substrate |
laminate is pressed to substrate using methods |
| D-11.03.05P |
apply pressure to laminate when using contact cement |
pressure is applied to laminate when using contact cement |
| D-11.03.06P |
achieve tight and flush seam |
tight and flush seam is achieved using methods according to industry standards |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: rollers, glue spreaders, glue sprayers, brushes,rubber mallets
- adhesives include: polyvinyl acetate (PVA), contact cement
- methods include: vacuum press, hot press, cold press
- industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.03.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of laminate sheets and substrates, and their characteristics and applications |
identify types of laminate sheets, and describetheir properties, characteristics and applications |
| identify types of substrates, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| identify types of adhesives, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe hazards associated with adhesives |
| identify solvents and cleaners, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe environmental conditions affecting laminate |
| D-11.03.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of methods to adhere laminate sheets to substrates |
identify tools and equipment used to adhere laminate sheets to substrates, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe methods to adhere laminate sheets to substrates |
Range of variables
- properties include: flexibility, grade, finish
- adhesives include: PVA, contact cement
- environmental conditions include: temperature, humidity
- methods include: vacuum press, hot press, cold press
- tools and equipment include: rollers, glue spreaders, glue sprayers, brushes, rubber mallet
D-11.04 - Performs final clean-up of laminated sheets
D-11.04 - Performs final clean-up of laminated sheets
| NL |
NS |
PE |
NB |
QC |
ON |
MB |
SK |
AB |
BC |
NT |
YT |
NU |
| yes |
yes |
NV |
yes |
NV |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
NV |
NV |
NV |
Skills
| Reference Code |
Performance Criteria |
Evidence of Attainment |
| D-11.04.01P |
select and use tools and equipment |
tools and equipment are selected and used according to application requirements |
| D-11.04.02P |
trim excess laminate |
excess laminate is trimmed |
| D-11.04.03P |
file and sand laminate edges |
laminate edges are filed and sanded to make flush with substrate |
| D-11.04.04P |
bevel finished laminate edge |
finished laminate edge is bevelled |
| D-11.04.05P |
remove excess adhesives |
excess adhesives are removed using solvents and specialized cleaners |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: laminate trimmers, hand planes, files bevel trimmers, sanding blocks
Knowledge
| Reference Code |
Learning Outcomes |
Learning Objectives |
| D-11.04.01L |
demonstrate knowledge of final laminated sheets, and their characteristics and applications |
identify solvents and cleaners, and describe their characteristics and applications |
| describe manufacturers’ guidelines concerning inside radius and cut-outs |
| D-11.04.02L |
demonstrate knowledge of procedures to perform final clean up of laminated sheets |
identify tools and equipment used to perform final clean up of laminated sheets, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to perform final clean up of laminated sheets |
| describe laminated sheet trimming techniques and procedures |
Range of variables
- tools and equipment include: laminate trimmers, hand planes, files, bevel trimmers, sanding blocks