Major Work Activity D - Builds natural stone systems
Table of Contents
- Task D-13 Builds natural stone walls
- Task D-14 Performs mechanically-fastened natural stone cladding procedures
Task D-13 Builds natural stone walls
Task descriptor
Stone walls may be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Examples include veneers, multi-wythe, garden walls and retaining walls. Stones may be natural, quarried, or produced in a stone-cutting and finishing facility. Size, shape and type of stone vary greatly; therefore, correct selection and preparation are critical to maintain the integrity of the wall.
D-13.01 Prepares natural stone
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.01.01P | cull defective or undesirable stones | defective or undesirable stones are culled to prevent failures or to enhance aesthetics of finished assembly |
| D-13.01.02P | remove debris | debris is removed to prevent bonding failures or to enhance aesthetics of finished assembly |
| D-13.01.03P | resize units | units are resized using methods to suit design and to ensure proper fit |
| D-13.01.04P | dress unit surfaces | unit surfaces are dressed according to design and for aesthetic purposes |
| D-13.01.05P | determine anchoring system | anchoring system is determined according to engineered and job specifications |
| D-13.01.06P | determine style and pattern for stone and joint finish | style and pattern for stone and joint finish are determined according to drawings and job specifications |
Range of variables
- methods include: cutting, grinding, dressing, pitching
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.01.01L | demonstrate knowledge of natural stone walls | identify terminology associated with natural stone systems |
| describe classifications, types and properties of natural stone | ||
| identify types of bonds and patterns, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify caulking, epoxies and other bonding agents, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify bedding planes, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe purpose of supporting backup wall | ||
| identify cleaning materials for natural stone, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| D-13.01.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to prepare natural stone | identify tools and equipment used to prepare natural stone, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to prepare natural stone | ||
| identify rigging and hoisting equipment, and describe their characteristics, applications and procedures for use | ||
| describe procedures to clean natural stone |
Range of variables
- types of wall systems include: veneer, multi-wythe, garden walls, retaining walls
D-13.02 Lays natural stone
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.02.01P | select colour, strength and consistency of mortar | colour, strength and consistency of mortar is selected according to job specifications |
| D-13.02.02P | apply mortar bed | mortar bed is applied to support stone |
| D-13.02.03P | set stone on mortar bed and plumb | stone is set on mortar bed to required degree of alignment and plumbed using tools |
| D-13.02.04P | maintain joint size and alignment | joint size and alignment is maintained using temporary supports |
| D-13.02.05P | follow rules of bonding and pattern practices | rules of bonding and pattern practices are followed according to jobsite specifications |
| D-13.02.06P | tool joints | joints are tooled according to drawings and job specifications to maintain integrity of assembly and for aesthetic purposes |
Range of variables
- tools include: levels, tape measures, string line
- temporary supports include: wedges, bracing
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.02.01L | demonstrate knowledge of laying natural stone | identify terminology associated with natural stone systems |
| describe classifications, types and properties of natural stone | ||
| identify types of mortars, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe mortar consistencies according to stone | ||
| identify types of bonds and patterns, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify bedding planes, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify anchoring systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify flashing materials, and describe their characteristics and applications describe | ||
| describe purpose of supporting backup wall | ||
| identify types of wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| D-13.02.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to lay natural stone | identify tools and equipment used to lay natural stone, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to lay natural stone | ||
| describe procedures to install flashings | ||
| identify rigging and hoisting equipment, and describe their characteristics, applications and procedures for use |
Range of variables
- types of wall systems include: veneer, multi-wythe, garden walls, retaining walls
D-13.03 Damp cures walls
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.03.01P | mist completed assembly | completed assembly is misted to ensure adequate curing according to job specifications |
| D-13.03.02P | apply and secure moist burlap or plastic | moist burlap or plastic is applied and secured to ensure adequate curing according to job specifications and weather conditions |
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-13.03.01L | demonstrate knowledge of damp curing walls | identify terminology associated with natural stone systems |
| describe classifications, types and properties of natural stone | ||
| identify types of mortars, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe mortar consistencies according to stone | ||
| describe damp curing requirements | ||
| D-13.03.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to damp cure walls | identify tools and equipment used to damp cure walls, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to damp cure walls |
Task D-14 Performs mechanically-fastened natural stone cladding procedures
Task descriptor
Bricklayers apply stone cladding by mechanically fastening stone to a structural backup wall. Stone used for cladding is typically large and pre‑finished in a stone‑cutting and finishing facility. Stone cladding is not load‑bearing and has an aesthetic and a protective function.
D-14.01 Prepares substrate for cladding
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.01.01P | recognize deficiencies | deficiencies are recognized in backup to determine necessary repairs or potential incompatibility with design |
| D-14.01.02P | remove debris | debris is removed by brushing, scraping or grinding to create a continuous smooth surface |
| D-14.01.03P | fill voids | voids in masonry or concrete backup are filled by trowelling or grouting to create a continuously smooth surface |
| D-14.01.04P | apply air or waterproof membrane and insulation | air or waterproof membrane and insulation are applied according to job specifications |
| D-14.01.05P | set horizontal and vertical grid lines | horizontal and vertical grid lines are set to ensure positioning of anchors according to job specifications and drawings |
| D-14.01.06P | install anchoring system on substrate | anchoring system is installed on substrate according to job specifications and drawings |
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.01.01L | demonstrate knowledge of natural stone cladding | identify terminology associated with natural stone cladding systems |
| identify sizes and types of stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify stone properties, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe purpose of supporting backup wall | ||
| identify anchoring systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify caulking, epoxies and other bonding agents, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify cleaning materials for natural stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of stone cladding wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify flashing materials for stone cladding wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| D-14.01.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to prepare substrate for natural stone cladding | identify tools and equipment used for natural stone cladding, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to prepare substrate for natural stone cladding | ||
| describe procedures to clean natural stone | ||
| describe procedures to install flashings | ||
| identify rigging and hoisting equipment, and describe their characteristics, applications and procedures for use |
Range of variables
- types of stone cladding include: granite, marble, limestone
- stone properties include: mass, density, porosity
D-14.02 Prepares natural stone for cladding
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.02.01P | inspect stone | stone is inspected for presence of stains, defects or debris to prevent failures or to enhance aesthetics of finished panel |
| D-14.02.02P | resize masonry units | masonry units are resized by cutting, grinding and chiselling to suit design |
| D-14.02.03P | reface granite surface | granite surface is refaced using a torch to achieve rough finish |
| D-14.02.04P | drill holes | holes are drilled for dowels or kerf to accommodate anchors |
| D-14.02.05P | prefabricate sections | sections are prefabricated by joining masonry units and adhering them with products according to job specifications |
Range of variables
- products include: epoxies, fastening systems
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.02.01L | demonstrate knowledge of natural stone cladding | identify terminology associated with natural stone cladding systems |
| identify sizes and types of stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify stone properties, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe purpose of supporting backup wall | ||
| identify anchoring systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify products, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of stone cladding wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify flashing materials for stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| D-14.02.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to prepare natural stone for cladding | identify tools and equipment used to prepare natural stone for cladding, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to prepare natural stone for cladding | ||
| describe procedures to clean natural stone | ||
| describe procedures to install flashings | ||
| identify rigging and hoisting equipment, and describe their characteristics, applications and procedures for use |
Range of variables
- types of stone cladding include: granite, marble, limestone
- stone properties include: mass, density, porosity
- products include: epoxies, fastening systems
D-14.03 Installs natural stone cladding
| NL | NS | PE | NB | QC | ON | MB | SK | AB | BC | NT | YT | NU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | yes | NV | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ND | NV | ND |
| Reference Code | Performance Criteria | Evidence of Attainment |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.03.01P | set masonry units on anchors | masonry units are set on anchors manually or using rigging and hoisting equipment for support |
| D-14.03.02P | align and temporarily stabilize masonry units | masonry units are aligned and temporarily stabilized with shims using vertical and horizontal string lines as reference |
| D-14.03.03P | adjust anchoring system | anchoring system is adjusted to secure masonry units by correcting potential incompatibility with design and ensuring aesthetically pleasing final alignment |
| D-14.03.04P | finish joints | joints are finished according to drawings and job specifications |
| Reference Code | Learning Outcomes | Learning Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| D-14.03.01L | demonstrate knowledge of installing natural stone cladding | identify terminology associated with natural stone cladding systems |
| identify stone properties, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| describe purpose of supporting backup wall | ||
| identify anchoring systems for natural stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify products for natural stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify types of natural stone cladding wall systems, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| identify flashing materials for natural stone cladding, and describe their characteristics and applications | ||
| D-14.03.02L | demonstrate knowledge of procedures to install natural stone cladding | identify tools and equipment used to install natural stone cladding, and describe their procedures for use |
| describe procedures to install natural stone cladding | ||
| describe procedures to install flashings for natural stone cladding | ||
| identify rigging and hoisting equipment, and describe their characteristics, applications and procedures for use |
Range of variables
- stone properties include: mass, density, porosity
- products include: caulking, epoxies, mortar